Patellar Fracture

A patellar fracture is also known as a broken knee cap. The kneecap protects the joint and links the thigh muscles to the lower leg. A number of patellar fractures can occur, including displaced fractures where the broken bones move out of place, nondisplaced fractures where the bone breaks but does not move out of place, and open fractures where the broken bone punctures the skin.

Causes

Patellar fractures can occur in a number of ways, including hard falls on the knee, forceful impact from car or sports accidents, and sudden movements or contractions of the thigh muscles.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a patellar fracture typically include pain and swelling at the kneecap or around the knee, bruising, and difficulty straightening the knee. It may also be impossible to walk or put weight on the fractured leg.

Diagnosis

Physicians will conduct a physical examination of the knee, checking for deformity and the ability to bend or straighten the leg. The physician will also assess symptoms and medical history. X-rays may be used to identify a patellar fracture.

Treatment

Treatment of a patellar fracture depends on the extent of the broken bone or bones, and if the kneecap has shifted out of place. In minor fractures, a cast or brace may be used to heal the break. Physical therapy may be used to help regain strength. In severe cases, surgery could be required.