Claw toe

Claw toe occurs when the last two joints of the toe are bent in a claw position and become inflexible. This can occur in one or more toes and the toes can become locked in this position over time. Claw toes are often mistaken for hammertoes or mallet toes. This condition is painful and can impact mobility.

Causes

Imbalanced foot muscles are the most common cause of claw toe. This occurs when the muscles in the toe contract too far, tightening the tendons and bending the joints. A number of factors lead to imbalance, including genetics, ill-fitting shoes, diabetic nerve damage, and arthritis.

Symptoms

There are two stages of claw toe. In the flexible stage, the toe is stiff but is still able to move. In the rigid stage, the toe is stuck and unable to move. In addition to the toe bending, symptoms include pain, swelling, blisters, corns, and calluses.

Diagnosis

A physician will usually conduct a physical exam and assess symptoms to diagnose claw toe. Further testing may be required to rule out neurological disorders that could cause imbalance or weakened muscles in the foot.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the stage of deformity. In early stages, new shoes or shoe inserts may be recommended. Taping, stretching, and exercises are also effective. In severe cases where the toe is bent in a locked position, surgery may be required.